1.5°C refers to how much Earth's long-term average surface temperature has warmed above the 1850–1900 pre-industrial reference — not Earth's absolute temperatu…
In December 2015, governments agreed to hold warming 'well below 2°C' above pre-industrial levels and to 'pursue efforts' to limit it to 1.5°C. Paris set 1.5°C as an amb…
The IPCC set out the concrete differences between 1.5°C and 2°C of warming — coral reefs, Arctic sea ice, sea level, heat extremes, food and water. It made 'half a degre…
A strong El Niño developed through 2023, adding a temporary spike on top of human-caused warming and driving monthly global temperature anomalies to record levels in the…
For July 2023 through June 2024, Copernicus ERA5 recorded a global average of roughly 1.64°C above 1850–1900, with 12 consecutive months at or above 1.5°C in that datase…
Combining the major global datasets, WMO put 2024 at approximately 1.55°C ±0.13°C above the pre-industrial average — the warmest year on record and likely the first full…
The Copernicus Global Temperature Trend Monitor estimated current long-term warming at about 1.25°C. Extending its 30-year linear trend forward, the tool indicated 1.5°C…
WMO put 2025 at about 1.43°C above 1850–1900 (Copernicus recorded roughly 1.42°C) — the second or third warmest year on record depending on the dataset. The step down fr…
WMO's annual-to-decadal update predicts annual temperatures for 2026–2030 in a range of about 1.3°C to 1.9°C above 1850–1900. It gives a 91% chance at least one year tem…
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