The Abraham Accords are US-brokered agreements, first signed on 15 September 2020, normalising relations between Israel and the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan…
The UAE agreed to full normalisation with Israel, the first Gulf state to do so. Israel suspended its West Bank annexation plan.
The UAE signed a full peace treaty and Bahrain a declaration with Israel, alongside the general Abraham Accords Declaration.
Sudan agreed in a package with its removal from the US terrorism list and signed the general declaration in January 2021.
Washington recognised Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara as Morocco agreed to restore ties with Israel.
Israel opened embassies in Abu Dhabi and Manama and the UAE opened one in Tel Aviv. Flights and trade followed.
Israel hosted the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, Egypt and the US. They created the Negev Forum working groups.
The Hamas-led attack and Israel's war in Gaza froze Saudi talks and made new deals politically toxic.
The UAE said annexing the West Bank would be a red line that would undermine the spirit of the Accords.
Trump announced Kazakhstan's accession, the first new member in almost five years. It has recognised Israel since 1992.
MBS said Saudi Arabia wants to join, but only with a clear path to a two-state solution.
Iran hit the UAE and Bahrain after US-Israeli strikes, showing both the value and the risk of ties with Israel.
Israel and Morocco agreed to full embassies; on 24 Sep the members met for the first time since 7 Oct 2023.
Israel's 27 Oct election, the Iran conflict and a Palestinian path. Kuwait, Lebanon and Syria are named as candidates.
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