The Arab Spring was a wave of uprisings that began in Tunisia on 17 December 2010. It toppled Ben Ali, Mubarak, Gaddafi and Saleh in 2011-12 and began the Syri…
Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian street vendor, set himself on fire after officials seized his cart. He died on 4 Jan 2011.
After 28 days of protest and an army that would not shoot, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia after 23 years in power.
18 days of mass protest ended 29 years of Mubarak's rule. The army took over the transition.
Gulf troops helped clear Bahrain's Pearl Roundabout; Syria fired on protesters in Daraa; the UN authorised force in Libya.
With NATO air support, rebels took Tripoli in August. Gaddafi was killed in October after 42 years in power.
A Gulf-brokered plan gave Saleh immunity and his deputy Hadi the presidency after 33 years of Saleh's rule.
Its first freely elected president was ousted. At least 817 died when the Rabaa sit-in was cleared in August.
Houthis took Sanaa, a Saudi-led coalition entered Yemen, and Russia intervened for Assad in Syria.
Algeria's Hirak forced Bouteflika out on 2 April; Sudan's army removed Omar al-Bashir on 11 April.
President Kais Saied suspended parliament, ruled by decree and rewrote the constitution in 2022.
An HTS-led offensive took Aleppo, Hama and Homs in days. Assad fled to Moscow, ending 54 years of family rule.
Syria is in a fragile transition, Yemen's war has reignited, Libya promises elections and Tunisians protest again.
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