Artificial intelligence development and ethics refers to the decades-long effort to build machines that can reason, learn, and act — alongside the parallel str…
In October 1950, British mathematician Alan Turing published a paper in the journal Mind posing the question: 'Can machines think?' He proposed the Imitation Game — late…
In the summer of 1956, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon convened a six-week workshop at Dartmouth College with the explicit aim of i…
In 1966, the US government's Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC) published a report concluding that machine translation was slower, less accurate, a…
In May 1997, IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer defeated Garry Kasparov — then the reigning world chess champion — in a six-game match by a score of 3.5 to 2.5. It was the fi…
In September 2012, Geoffrey Hinton's team at the University of Toronto — including Alex Krizhevsky and Ilya Sutskever — entered a deep convolutional neural network calle…
In March 2016, Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeated 18-time world Go champion Lee Sedol four games to one — a result that most AI researchers had not expected for at least…
In June 2018, NITI Aayog published India's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence under the banner '#AIForAll' — a deliberate positioning of AI as a tool for soci…
In May 2018, the European Commission appointed a High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence comprising 52 experts from academia, civil society, and industry. The…
On 30 November 2022, OpenAI released ChatGPT — a conversational interface built on the GPT-3.5 language model — as a free public prototype. It reached one million users…
In March 2023, OpenAI released GPT-4 — a multimodal model capable of passing the US bar exam in the 90th percentile and scoring 163 on the GRE verbal reasoning section.…
In March 2024, the Union Cabinet approved the IndiaAI Mission with a total outlay of ₹10,372 crore (approximately $1.25 billion) over five years. The mission's centrepie…
On 1 August 2024, the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act formally entered into force after years of negotiation — becoming the world's first binding, comprehen…
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