Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks and data from unauthorized access or disruption; digital privacy governs how personal data is col…
Wartime need for secure communication drove major cryptography advances, from the Axis Enigma machine to Allied codebreaking at Bletchley Park -- laying the foundational…
Bob Thomas at BBN wrote Creeper, an experimental program that moved between ARPANET hosts displaying a message, then removed itself from the previous one. Not malicious,…
Robert Tappan Morris released a self-replicating program to gauge the internet's size; a bug in its own logic caused it to disable an estimated 6,000 of the roughly 60,0…
Written by Onel de Guzman, this worm overwrote files and mass-mailed itself via Outlook contacts, infecting more than 10 million machines with damage estimated around $1…
Malware targeting Siemens industrial control systems damaged an estimated 1,000-2,000 centrifuges at Iran's Natanz enrichment facility while feeding operators false read…
A nine-judge bench unanimously ruled in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India that privacy is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution -- the…
The EU's General Data Protection Regulation took effect, introducing extraterritorial reach, a 72-hour breach-notification rule, and penalties up to 20 million euros or…
CERT-In's April 2022 Directions, effective June 28, 2022, require covered organizations to report a defined list of cyber incidents within six hours of becoming aware of…
India's first comprehensive data-protection statute establishes consent-based processing, data-fiduciary obligations, and penalties up to 250 crore rupees per instance o…
MeitY notified the DPDP Rules, 2025 alongside constituting the four-member Data Protection Board of India, starting an 18-month phased compliance window running to full…
Read the complete story, FAQs and key facts.