Dark matter is invisible matter inferred from its gravity on galaxies, clusters, gravitational lensing and the cosmic microwave background. It is about 85 perc…
Zwicky measured galaxy velocities in the Coma Cluster and found the visible matter looked insufficient to hold the fast-moving galaxies together. He proposed unseen mass…
Rubin and Ford found that stars in the outer parts of Andromeda orbit about as fast as inner stars, not slowing as visible mass alone predicts. Their work provided some…
Simulations showed that slow-moving cold dark matter reproduces the growth of cosmic structure. Particle physicists proposed Weakly Interacting Massive Particles as a ca…
In this cluster collision the hot ordinary gas, mapped in X-rays, ended up spatially separated from most of the mass, mapped by gravitational lensing. The separation is…
Precision CMB maps set ordinary matter at about 4.9 percent, dark matter about 26.8 percent and dark energy about 68.3 percent of the total mass-energy budget. Of matter…
The Large Underground Xenon experiment, 4,850 feet down at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, reported its first major results in 2013. It found no WIMP and set…
LZ contains roughly 10 tonnes of xenon overall, with about seven active tonnes inside its two-phase time projection chamber. Its first results in July 2022, on a small f…
In August 2024 LZ released a combined analysis of about 280 days of data. The standard WIMP search found no signal above roughly 9 GeV/c squared and set world-leading co…
In January 2026 a JWST team published one of the most detailed dark-matter maps yet, using gravitational lensing. In February 2026 XENONnT reported a light-dark-matter s…
A new LZ analysis of 2023–2024 data, over about 2.8 tonne-years, found one nuclear-recoil-like event at about 248 keV in a low-background region. Global significance is…
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