Science

Himalayan Landslide Timeline 2013-2026: Mountain Collapse, Debris Flows & Climate Risk

Himalayan landslides can become deadly because steep slopes, fractured rock, glaciers, monsoon rainfall, earthquakes and river valleys interact. A collapse hig…

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KEDARNATH DISASTER

Kedarnath disaster, Uttarakhand

Exceptional monsoon rainfall, roughly 375% heavier than normal over four days, combined with the breach of the moraine-dammed Chorabari glacial lake to trigger flash flo…

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NEPAL EARTHQUAKE

Nepal earthquake and Langtang avalanche

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake shook Nepal on 25 April 2015, killing more than 8,500 people nationwide and triggering thousands of landslides. In Langtang Valley, the shakin…

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INFRASTRUCTURE RISK

Landslides become an infrastructure problem

Road widening, hydropower construction, slope cutting and tourism expansion increased how much infrastructure sat inside Himalayan valleys prone to slope failure. Not al…

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CHAMOLI AVALANCHE

Chamoli rock-and-ice avalanche and debris flow

Roughly 27 million cubic metres of rock and glacier ice collapsed from the north face of Ronti Peak, according to a Science study using satellite imagery, seismic record…

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CRYOSPHERE WARNING

Hindu Kush Himalaya cryosphere warning

ICIMOD's HI-WISE report found that glaciers in the Hindu Kush Himalaya disappeared 65% faster during 2011-2020 than in the previous decade, warning of up to 80% glacier…

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SOUTH LHONAK

Sikkim South Lhonak disaster

A section of South Lhonak Lake's moraine wall is understood to have collapsed, sending a wave through the lake that triggered a catastrophic glacial lake outburst flood…

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CASCADE MONITORING

Multi-hazard monitoring expands

Scientists and disaster agencies increasingly treated Himalayan hazards as connected systems, rainfall, unstable slopes, glaciers, lakes, rivers, roads and settlements,…

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NEPAL-TIBET DISASTER

Nepal-Tibet glacier-collapse disaster

A large section of the Langtang Lirung glacier collapsed on the Tibetan side of the border, sending a fast-moving mass of mud, water, ice and rock through the Trishuli R…

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WARNING REBUILD

Landslide warning systems become urgent

After the Nepal-Tibet catastrophe, Nepal's disaster authorities began rebuilding warning networks with seismic sensors, cameras and satellite communication links along t…

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