Indonesia has suffered recurring wildfire disasters since 1997 because millions of hectares of tropical peatland were drained for palm oil and pulpwood plantat…
One of the strongest El Nino events on record coincided with rapid drainage of peat swamps for agriculture. Roughly 8 million hectares burned, sending toxic haze over Ma…
A moderate El Nino produced another major fire and haze episode centred on Kalimantan. It showed that drainage for plantations had expanded, not eased, Indonesia's vulne…
Fires concentrated in Riau, Sumatra, pushed Singapore's Pollutant Standards Index to record levels, prompting a haze emergency. It showed how concentrated peat burning n…
A strong El Nino turned a routine dry season into Indonesia's costliest modern fire disaster. Fires burned 2.6 million hectares between June and October, and the World B…
President Joko Widodo created the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG) by presidential regulation, tasking it with restoring the same 2.6 million hectares that had just bur…
A weak-to-moderate El Nino combined with dry conditions to produce Indonesia's worst season since 2015. Official figures put burned area at 1.64 million hectares; indepe…
La Nina conditions through much of 2020-2022 kept Indonesia relatively wet, and reported burned area stayed well below 2015 and 2019 levels. But independent assessments…
BMKG classified the current El Nino as very strong on Sept 8, 2026 (3-month ENSO index +2.2). Reuters reported this as Indonesia's most intense fire season in 11 years:…
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