Iran's nuclear programme has been the subject of negotiation since 2002, producing the 2015 JCPOA, which capped enrichment at 3.67% for sanctions relief. The U…
Following the 2002 exposure of undeclared facilities at Natanz and Arak, the UK, France and Germany (the EU3) reached an understanding with Iran: Tehran agreed to suspen…
After the 2004-05 Paris process collapsed, the IAEA Board referred Iran to the UN Security Council, which demanded suspension. Iran refused, and UN sanctions began. The…
Following Hassan Rouhani's 2013 election and secret U.S.-Iran contacts via Oman, Iran and the P5+1 reached an interim agreement constraining parts of Iran's nuclear prog…
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action capped enrichment at 3.67% U-235, limited the stockpile, barred enrichment at Fordow, redesigned the Arak reactor, and expanded IA…
President Trump announced the U.S. exit, arguing the deal's restrictions were time-limited and inadequate, and began restoring sanctions. Iran kept implementing its own…
A year after the U.S. withdrawal, Iran began progressively exceeding JCPOA limits — first the stockpile cap, then the 3.67% enrichment ceiling, then advanced-centrifuge…
Israel struck Iranian nuclear and military sites from 13 June 2025; the U.S. struck Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan on 22 June. A ceasefire followed within days. By this poin…
France, Germany and the UK triggered the JCPOA's snapback mechanism on 28 August 2025 over Iran's "significant non-performance." The 30-day process concluded and pre-201…
After a second Israel/U.S.-Iran war (Feb-Apr 2026), a 14-point U.S.-Iran memorandum was signed at Versailles, halting the fighting, reopening the Strait of Hormuz, and o…
The IAEA's 35-nation Board of Governors voted 23-3-8 to refer Iran to the UN Security Council over continued noncompliance with its safeguards obligations — the first su…
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