Israel and Gaza-based armed factions, principally Hamas, have reached at least seven major ceasefires since 2008, each brokered primarily by Egypt, Qatar and,…
Following Israel's 1948 declaration of independence, war broke out with neighboring Arab states, displacing a large Palestinian population. The 1949 Armistice Agreements…
Israel withdrew its military forces and evacuated roughly 9,000 settlers from the Gaza Strip, completing the process on September 12, 2005, ending a direct Israeli milit…
Hamas won a majority in Palestinian Legislative Council elections in January 2006, a result most of the international community did not recognize as a basis for engageme…
An Egyptian-brokered six-month truce began June 19, 2008. It lapsed in December 2008; Hamas did not renew it, citing the continued blockade. A large-scale Israeli milita…
Israel's operation, launched November 14, 2012, followed increased rocket fire and the killing of a senior Hamas military commander. An Egyptian-brokered ceasefire ended…
Fighting began July 8, 2014, following the abduction and killing of three Israeli teenagers. Multiple short-term truces were attempted and collapsed within hours or days…
Tensions in Jerusalem around Al-Aqsa Mosque and planned evictions in Sheikh Jarrah escalated into an 11-day conflict beginning May 10, 2021, ending in an Egyptian-broker…
Hamas and allied armed groups launched a multi-front attack on southern Israel. Widely cited figures put Israeli deaths at approximately 1,200, mostly civilians. Between…
A Qatar- and Egypt-brokered pause began November 24, 2023, initially for four days and extended twice, lasting seven days total. Hamas released 105 hostages in stages, i…
Israel and Hamas agreed to a 42-day ceasefire on January 17, 2025, mediated by Qatar, Egypt and the outgoing Biden administration in coordination with the incoming Trump…
After Phase 1 ended March 1, 2025, Hamas sought to proceed to the originally envisioned Phase 2, while Israel and the Trump administration pushed to renegotiate terms. I…
President Trump presented a 20-point plan at the White House, with Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu present, outlining a framework for Gaza's security, humanitarian reco…
Following talks in Sharm el-Sheikh mediated by the US, Qatar, Egypt and Turkiye, Israel and Hamas agreed to a ceasefire on October 9, 2025. The Israeli cabinet ratified…
Hamas released the final 20 living hostages to the ICRC on October 13, 2025; Israel released close to 2,000 Palestinian prisoners in return. Trump and Egyptian President…
An Israeli soldier was killed in Rafah. Israel blamed Hamas and ordered strikes that Gaza's Health Ministry said killed at least 104 people. Hamas denied responsibility…
The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2803 by a vote of 13-0-2, Russia and China abstaining, endorsing the Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict, authorizing…
The US announced the start of Phase 2, centered on a Palestinian technocratic National Committee reported to be headed by Ali Shaath. Israel's internal security service…
Trump announced a Hamas disarmament roadmap negotiated through the Board of Peace. Hamas stated it would not implement any part of the deal unless Israel first met its w…
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