Libya split because the 2011 revolution left armed groups, oil wealth and the constitution unresolved. A disputed 2014 election created rival governments, and…
Anti-government protests spread from Benghazi and became an armed uprising. On 17 March the UN Security Council authorised measures to protect civilians.
The National Transitional Council declared Libya liberated three days later. No unified national security structure took the old system's place.
After a disputed June election and fighting around Tripoli airport, the House of Representatives relocated to Tobruk. Rival authorities claimed legitimacy.
The Government of National Accord arrived in Tripoli in March 2016, but the eastern parliament never fully endorsed it.
Reports describe Egypt, the UAE and Russia supporting Haftar's forces and Turkey backing the Tripoli government.
Foreign fighters and mercenaries were to leave. It paved the way for the 2021 unity government.
Disputes over electoral laws, who could run for president and the constitutional basis for the vote stopped the process.
Fathi Bashagha was named prime minister. Abdul Hamid Dbeibah refused to hand over, and Libya had two governments again.
Early UN figures put the dead at about 11,300. Analysts tie the disaster to years of weak public administration; that is a judgement, not a finding.
It reconstitutes the elections commission board, amends the legal framework and aims for elections within 24 months under one executive authority.
The House endorsed on 14 September. The High Council of State has challenged the process. The UN mission was renewed for 12 months.
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