Science

Nepal-India River Timeline 1954-2026: How Himalayan Floods Travel From Tibet to Bihar

Many rivers that flow through northern Bihar begin in or pass through Nepal's Himalayan catchments before entering India and joining the Ganga. Heavy rain, lan…

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KOSI AGREEMENT SIGNED

India and Nepal Sign the Kosi Agreement

On 25 April 1954, India and Nepal signed the Agreement on the Kosi Project, letting India build a barrage and headworks near Hanuman Nagar on Nepali territory, with floo…

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GANDAK AGREEMENT SIGNED

Gandak Irrigation and Power Agreement Concluded

In 1959, India and Nepal agreed to build a barrage on the Gandak — called the Narayani in Nepal — near Valmikinagar, to irrigate farmland across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and…

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KOSI BREACH AT KUSAHA

The Kosi Breaches Its Embankment and Shifts Course

On 18 August 2008, the Kosi burst its eastern embankment at Kusaha, about 13km upstream of the Kosi Barrage and 8km north of the India border. The river abandoned its en…

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CROSS-BORDER FORECASTING

India and Nepal Build a Standing Flood-Data Arrangement

India's Central Water Commission runs a long-standing flood forecasting and warning arrangement with Nepal covering rivers the two countries share. Nepal's Department of…

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RATU RIVER WARNING SYSTEM

Community-Based Flood Early Warning Reaches the Ratu River

ICIMOD, Nepal's Department of Hydrology and Meteorology and Sustainable Eco Engineering installed community-based flood early-warning sensors along the Ratu River in Mah…

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KOSHI BASIN FLOOD TESTS THE…

A Major Flood Sweeps 12 Koshi Basin Districts in 24 Hours

In 2019, a major flood swept across 12 districts of the Koshi basin within 24 hours, affecting more than 2.5 million people as the Koshi rose above its danger level and…

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NEPAL-TIBET GLACIER FLOODS

A Glacier Collapse Shows How Fast an Upstream Failure Can Move

In late August 2026, a glacier and bedrock collapse high on the Langtang-Lirung massif sent avalanches and debris flows down the Trishuli River valley, straddling Rasuwa…

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BIHAR FLOOD-RISK WATCH

Multiple Rivers Cross Danger Marks Again

As of 6 September 2026, over 19 lakh (1.9 million) people across 11 Bihar districts were affected by flooding. The Gandak (at Dumariaghat and Hajipur), Kosi (at Baltara…

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