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OPEC Timeline 1960-2026: Oil Prices, OPEC+ Cuts and Global Energy Crises

OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, founded in Baghdad in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. It influences oil…

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OPEC IS FOUNDED

Five Producers Create OPEC in Baghdad

Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela met at the Baghdad Conference on 10-14 September 1960 and created OPEC after Western oil majors cut the posted price of cr…

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THE OIL WEAPON

The Arab Oil Embargo Shocks the West

After the Yom Kippur War began, Arab producers cut output and embargoed exports to the United States and others seen as supporting Israel. Benchmark crude roughly quadru…

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SECOND OIL SHOCK

The Iranian Revolution Sends Prices Higher

The Iranian Revolution cut Iran’s exports sharply, and the 1980 Iran-Iraq war removed more barrels. Prices climbed from roughly $14 to around $35 a barrel within about t…

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PRICE COLLAPSE

Saudi Arabia Ends Its Swing-Producer Restraint

New non-OPEC supply and conservation left OPEC defending prices by cutting its own output, with Saudi Arabia absorbing most of the pain. In late 1985 Riyadh opened the t…

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RECORD HIGH

Oil Peaks Near $147, Then Crashes

Amid a commodities boom and tight spare capacity, Brent and WTI peaked at roughly $147 a barrel in July 2008, then collapsed toward $40 by December as the financial cris…

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SHALE PRICE WAR

OPEC Refuses to Cut, Targeting U.S. Shale

On 27 November 2014, with the market oversupplied, OPEC decided not to cut production, a move widely read as an attempt to squeeze higher-cost U.S. shale. Prices fell fr…

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OPEC+ IS BORN

OPEC Signs the Declaration of Cooperation With Russia

On 10 December 2016 OPEC agreed coordinated cuts of about 1.8 million barrels a day with 10 non-OPEC producers, including Russia, effective January 2017. The bloc became…

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OIL GOES NEGATIVE

WTI Settles Below Zero as Demand Vanishes

A March 2020 Saudi-Russia price war collided with the pandemic. On 20 April 2020 the expiring U.S. WTI futures contract settled at minus $37.63 a barrel as storage fille…

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WAR RESHAPES MARKETS

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine Redraws Oil Trade

Russia’s 2022 invasion pushed Brent above $120 a barrel, brought Western sanctions and a G7 price cap on Russian crude, and redirected Russian oil from Europe to India a…

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THE CONTROL TEST

A Hormuz Crisis, and the UAE Quits OPEC

During a US-Israel campaign against Iran, Iran’s Revolutionary Guard announced on 2 March 2026 it was closing the Strait of Hormuz to US and Israel-linked shipping; Bren…

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