The Oslo Accords (1993-1995) were interim agreements between Israel and the PLO that created mutual recognition, the Palestinian Authority and Areas A, B and C…
Madrid opened direct talks in October 1991. When they stalled, negotiators met secretly near Oslo and initialled a draft on 20 August 1993.
Shimon Peres and Mahmoud Abbas signed the Declaration of Principles. Rabin and Arafat made the handshake, after letters of mutual recognition.
Israel withdrew from most of Gaza and Jericho. The PA took over civil powers. The Paris Protocol set up the tax-transfer system.
Different levels of Palestinian and Israeli responsibility, not sovereignty. Area C, under Israeli control, is still about 60%.
An Israeli opponent of Oslo shot Rabin after a peace rally. Bombings in 1996 and a change of government followed.
1999 was the target to finish permanent-status talks, not a guarantee of statehood. The deadline passed with no agreement.
Accounts of Camp David remain disputed. Sharon's 28 September visit was the trigger of the uprising, not its sole cause.
Israel withdrew from Gaza unilaterally in 2005, outside Oslo. Hamas won the 2006 election and took Gaza in 2007.
Observer state in 2012, resolution 2334 in 2016, the Gaza war from 2023, and 161 recognitions by 2026.
Its institutions still run, but the UN says the economic framework is being bypassed, with about US$6 billion of PA revenue withheld.
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