Politics

Pulwama Attack Anniversary: How India's Security Doctrine Changed, From Balakot to PRAHAAR

After the Pulwama attack killed 40 CRPF personnel on 14 February 2019, India moved to answering major attacks across the border, with Balakot in 2019 and Opera…

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URI

Strikes across the Line of Control

No. After 19 soldiers were killed at Uri, India publicly announced strikes on launch pads across the LoC for the first time.

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BORDER TECH

Sensors join the fence

No. Pilots linking cameras, radar and sensors to a command centre began on the Jammu border five months earlier.

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PULWAMA

40 CRPF personnel killed

A 19-year-old Jaish-e-Mohammed recruit drove an explosives-laden car into a bus in a 78-vehicle CRPF convoy. JeM claimed it.

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FIRST MOVES

Trade cut, NIA takes the case

India withdrew Pakistan's Most Favoured Nation status, raised duties to 200% and handed the case to the NIA.

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BALAKOT

Air strike across the border

IAF jets hit what India said was JeM's largest camp, the first strike across the international border since 1971. The toll is unverified.

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THE COST

A pilot captured and returned

Yes. A MiG-21 was shot down and Abhinandan Varthaman captured, then freed on 1 March. Six airmen died in a friendly-fire crash.

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UN LISTING

Masood Azhar sanctioned

The UN 1267 committee listed the JeM chief after China dropped a block it had used four times.

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NEW LAWS

Individuals can be named terrorists

India could designate individuals, seize terror-linked property and probe attacks on Indians abroad. Four names were added on 4 Sep.

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CEASEFIRE

The LoC goes quiet

No. India and Pakistan recommitted to the ceasefire, and firing on the LoC dropped sharply until 2025.

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THE NUMBERS

Incidents fall about 80%

Terrorist-initiated incidents in J&K fell from 228 in 2018 to 41 by mid-November 2023, MHA told Parliament.

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PAHALGAM

26 killed at Baisaran

No. Gunmen attacked tourists near Pahalgam. The NIA later blamed LeT and its proxy TRF, run by a handler in Pakistan.

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SINDOOR

Nine sites, then air bases

India struck nine JeM, LeT and Hizbul sites, then Pakistani air bases after four days of drone and missile fire.

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NEW NORMAL

Modi sets three principles

Answer every attack on India's terms, reject nuclear blackmail, and treat terrorists and their sponsors alike.

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PRAHAAR

India's first counter-terror policy

A Home Ministry policy covering prevention, response, agencies, rule of law, radicalisation, global cooperation and recovery.

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NEXT STEP

Down to the police station

Amit Shah called for a decade-long PRAHAAR mechanism and an automated response system at every level.

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