Politics

Second Judges Case 1993: History of India's Collegium System

The Second Judges Case is the Supreme Court's 6 October 1993 judgment holding, by 7:2, that the Chief Justice of India's opinion, formed after consulting senio…

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26 JAN 1950

One Undefined Word

Judges appointed after consultation.

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25 APR 1973

Three Judges Superseded

A day after Kesavananda.

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29 JAN 1977

Khanna Passed Over

After his ADM Jabalpur dissent.

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BEFORE 1993

The Road to Primacy

Supersessions and a 4:3 ruling.

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30 DEC 1981

First Judges Case

Executive gets the final say.

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26 OCT 1990

Nine Judges Needed

1981 ruling doubted.

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6 OCT 1993

Second Judges Case

Judiciary gets primacy.

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WHAT IT HELD

Five Principles

And a two-judge dissent.

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FOUR CASES

1981, 1993, 1998, 2015

Who appoints judges?

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28 OCT 1998

Third Judges Case

CJI plus four senior-most.

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1993 VS 1998

Who Must Be Consulted

Two judges became four.

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13 APR 2015

NJAC in Force

Law Minister gets a seat.

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16 OCT 2015

NJAC Struck Down

Collegium restored.

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COLLEGIUM VS NJAC

Two Models

Why the court said no.

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16 DEC 2015

Fix the Procedure

A revised MoP, still pending.

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3 OCT 2017

Decisions Go Online

Reasons published.

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17 OCT 2019

Review Dismissed

1993 ruling stands.

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19 JAN 2023

Objections Made Public

IB inputs answered.

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HOW IT WORKS

Proposal to Warrant

Six stages, no deadline.

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28 SEP 2026

Three for the Supreme Court

A short statement only.

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6 OCT 2026

Sworn In

Women judges: two to three.

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NOVEMBER 2026

Where It Stands

Openness, not primacy, is the fight.

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